Coping with Anxiety

Kathrina is a 20-something professional with dilemmas that disrupt her from being productive in her career. It also gives her inconsistent sleeping habits, which results from an uneasy feeling from the anxiety that she feels. Furthermore, she feels that her way of coping with such is not improving at all. Such predicaments hamper her career as a real estate agent, which she finds a big deterrent in producing sales. Kathrina’s biggest dilemma is that her parents expect a lot from her.She doesn’t want to leave home yet she already feels uneasy about her situation at home. With this in mind, she resorts to me, a behavioral psychiatrist. Kathrina opts to undergo a series of sessions that will give her the opportunity to deal with anxiety and stress. 1) As a behavioral therapist how would you proceed in therapy in the case of Kathrina? First, I would like the patient to describe her environment while she was growing up. This would help me ascertain what is it like to live in her environment during her childhood.It will allow me to determine how she generates feedbacks and how she behaves in this type of environment. As a behavioral therapist, I have to make her understand that her environment is responsible for her apparent behavior. The environment she thrives in conditions her to be behaving in such way. The environment includes all the people around her and the behavior of this people. She has to understand that her behavior does not deliberately stems from her. In behavioral psychology, it is suggested that behaviors are attained through the environment’s conditioning (Wagner, 2008).As the individual interacts with her environment more, the more she is conditioned to act accordingly to her environment’s standards. As the individual accommodates this conditioning into her system, the more she is influenced by her environment’s conditioning. As I proceed with the subject’s current situation, I learn that she really accommo dates and tolerates the behavioral standards of her situation. She does not have a hand in her apparent behavior at all. The stress from her work is not responsible as well.The environment which is her home is the primary stimulus that affects her behavior, and causes her numerous dilemmas. In a branch of behaviorism, classic conditioning is used to condition a subject to respond to a certain stimulus. Classic conditioning is a type of conditioning in behaviorism, which conditions a subject by instigating a stimulus in order to generate a favorable response (Van Wagner, 2008). In Kathrina’s case, her parents conditioned her in the most effective manner. This leads us to the speculation that Kathrina might not have received classical conditioning at all.Another type of conditioning, Operant conditioning can be suggested as the possible culprit for the apparent behavior of Kathrina. Operant conditioning takes place whenever the subject is conditioned through punishment and rewa rd reinforcements. In Kathrina’s case, she might have received more reward reinforcements than punishment reinforcements. Yet this brings to us the notion that she might have been conditioned by reward reinforcements even if her parents are wrong in giving her reward reinforcements.With this in mind, Kathrina’s case will remain unsolved, and I will suggest further therapy sessions for her to be able to cope up with stress and chronic anxiety. 2) How does behavioral therapy fit, or not fit, with your own personal style? The behavioral approach to therapy is not proper at all. It is very subjective and not objective at all. It is one-dimensional because it simply analyzes the environmental factors that contribute to the individual’s behavior. Both operant and classical conditioning are subjective in approach, and analyzes a subject’s behavior in a bias manner.In Kathrina’s case, her behavior is not really caused by her environment alone. She has also a hand in contributing to her mental tortures. With this in mind, she must shrug her dilemmas aside. Apt therapy can also aid her in this situation she faces. References Van Wagner,K. (2008). Behaviorism. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://psychology. about. com/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism. htm Watson,J. Behaviorism Explained. General Psychology. Published Diestro Ltd. 2000.

Asia Pacific Breweries

International Business Environment Project GROUP PROJECT: ASIA PACIFIC BREWERIES LIMITED (APBL) Prepared by G&T Consultancy (TZ02): Benjamin Jethro Neo Czaraim Suganob Carreon Michelle Oh Hui Ling Ratchadakorn Wongphothiphan Valerie Ng Shi Min Yap Yi Jun Prepared for: Ms. Ng Lay Khim, Linda Date of Submission: 18th July 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Company and IndustryOne of the main components of the beverage industry is Alcoholic drink; an example of a company that produces alcoholic beverages, namely Beer and Lager is Asia Pacific Breweries. Listed on the Singapore Exchange, Asia Pacific Breweries Limited (APBL) is one of the key players in the beer industry Asia Pacific Breweries, formerly known as Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL) in 1931 is a joint enterprise between Heineken International & Fraser and Neave. Its present name was given in 1990.As of today, Asia Pacific Breweries also operates a broad global marketing network, which extends across 60 countries and is supporte d by 30 breweries in 14 countries, namely Singapore, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Asia Pacific Breweries also offers their consumers a wide range of brands, be it global, regional or local, which suit the taste of various beer drinkers; boasting a wide range of choices, including Tiger Beer, Heineken, Anchor Beer, Baron’s Strong Brew, ABC Extra Stout and Bintang Beer.Their beers are brewed under the supervision of Heineken technical experts, who can call upon countless years of experience of European brewing excellence. Using only the finest ingredients, maintaining the most stringent brewing standards, and conducting over 200 quality checks during the process. This scrutiny over production of APB beers has reeled in many awards while their breweries are among the forerunners in their respective markets. 2. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 2. 1 StrengthsTiger beer, the prize brand of APB, was the winner of the UK's Brewing Industry International Awards, the most esteemed award in the brewing industry 1998. The brand won a Gold medal in the International Style Lager category in the 2010 World Beer Cup; and silver medal in 2010 World Beer Championships. Anchor Beer was presented a gold medal in Selection Mondiale in 2010, a gold medal by Australian International Beer Awards in 1998, on top of several other honors. Since beer sales mostly relied on quality and tang, the higher quality standards of APB beer, makes APB standout in the competitive brewery business.APB's Tiger and Heineken brands scores on the point of identity and thus have a strong brand image. A part of one of the few establishments in Singapore, APBL set up the Asia Pacific Breweries Foundation (APB Foundation). This foundation provides financial aid to causes in Creativity Development, achievements in Human Excellence and Humanitarian Awards. APBL plays a significant role in gi ving back to the communities in which they operate. Being socially responsible, each of them renders support to the various educational, social and environmental causes in the respective countries.Through its endless efforts towards community and environment protection, APB continues to build a long-term relationship and good rapport with its customers. 2. 2 Weaknesses Although the US market is mounting at a slower rate compared to certain Eastern European and Asian markets, lack of presence in this market puts the group at a disadvantage as compared to some of the other great players in the industry. Since large beer consuming countries provide possibility for volume and revenue expansion, a modest presence in these markets results in a drawback for APB.The anticipated sale of APBL’s 50% owned Heineken-APB (China) Pte Ltd to China Resources Snow Breweries Limited would not be going through due to an unreachable agreement with CRSB. 3. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS 3. 1 Opportuni ties With a rise in disposable income and alcoholic beverages more widely accepted by its people, Asia had its potential as a profitable market. APB operates primarily in Asia Pacific, which grew at a compound annual growth rate of 5%, reaching a figure of $112. 2 billion in 2009. To maximize on their Asian opportunity, APB has ventured into New Caledonia and Indonesia. In FY2010, hey came into possession of Heineken International's 65. 1% interest in PT Multi Bintang, Indonesia and also Heineken’s 87. 3% interest in Grande Brasserie de Nouvelle Caledonie, New Caledonia. The group also received beer brand Bintang and its trademarks rights. The acquisition allowed APB to launch their other popular beer brands easier as it gave them a firm consumer base in Indonesia and New Caledonia. APB is extending its brand portfolio by adding more flavors and varieties. They acquired Bintang and Number One, from Indonesia and New Caledonia in FY2010. The group also introduced some other ne w brands in the same year.Laos has its local beer Namkhong; New Zealand was introduced Monteith's Crushed Pear Cider while Tiger Crystal was presented to Vietnam and, as a limited edition, to Malaysia. APB attracts consumers of distinct tastes by presenting new brands every now and then. 3. 2 Threats Beers belongs to one of the highly taxed commodities globally; especially high in the countries APB operates in. Per liter of beer was imposed an excise duty of S$70 in Singapore, the single largest market of APB. New Zealand also increased excise duty. This caused DB Breweries, the New Zealand division of APB to increase its prices by 3%.Higher prices are a result of higher excise rates. APB, known for being a cheaper option of premium brands, may lose its current consumers if excise rates continue to rise and cause APB to set a higher price for its beer brands. Alcohol companies have received criticism on their advertisements and thus, countries set a legal ban on spirits advertisemen ts on TV and radio; on broadcast advertisements which associate alcohol with children or leisure, or promoting alcohol abuse; as well as on sponsorship of TV and radio programs by companies mainly concerned about alcohol production.These rules would hinder APB’s development, as its awareness in the consumers would decrease. Beer has been linked with negative health issues. Among people, there is a general negative perception about beer having an effect on the body fat and cholesterol. On the other hand, wine is considered a healthier option to other beverages. In matured markets like Western Europe and North America, beer is losing its field to wine, as there is an increase in consumers’ preferences for healthier alternatives. Wide variety of alcohol products available readily and extensive advertising is also bringing a negative impact to beer sales. . KEY CUSTOMER (GROUPS) & COMPETITORS Key customer groups Business to Customers APBL has large consumer base due to its wide variety. Tiger beer, among all the brands is the most famous international brand with largest number of consumers. Tiger Beer targeted the vibrant young Asian adults; Tiger also launched Tiger Crystal Lite, a softer-flavored Tiger Beer to cater consumers especially the Chinese who prefer lighter taste. Likewise, Heineken and Gold Crown targets young Asian adults in Thailand, New Zealand, Vietnam, China, Singapore, and Malaysia.Anchor, which offers consumers with international, affordable quality brew, is more successful in Hainan, Cambodia and Vietnam. Everyday drinkers in Singapore and Malaysia are appealed to Anchor while Cambodians and Singaporeans in their 30s-40s are appealed to stouts including Guinness, Extra Stout and Amber Stout. Baron’s Strong Brew had European as its loyal customer base appealing those who favor strong alcohol taste. Business to Business The company has a strong market share in various countries within the Asia Pacific Region.It also boas ts that in the UK, Tiger Beer can be found in more than 8,000 premium bars, clubs and distribution outlets in major cities. APBL’s products can be found in almost any shop that sells alcoholic beverages in the countries it has expanded to. Competitors Asia Pacific Breweries’ faces many competitors in the industry, namely in Breweries, beverage manufacturing, alcoholic beverage manufacturing, bars and nightclubs and restaurants, bars and food services. APBL’s local and overseas competitors include Carlsberg A/S, whose company perates in Europe and Asia. Asahi Breweries, Ltd, Suntory Group and Kirin Holding Company, Ltd, which primarily operates in Japan. SABMiller, which primarily operates in Americas, Africa, Asia and Europe. The Philippines-based company: San Miguel Corporation and China Resources Enterprise Limited based in Hong Kong. Kirin Brewery Company, Limited is engaged in producing alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, food products and pharmaceuticals thro ugh its subsidiaries. SABMiller is engaged in producing and distributing beer, malts and carbonated soft drinks.Likewise, Suntory Group primarily operates in the non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages, food products and the food services business segments. Carlsberg, a renowned competitor, is also engaged not only in the production, marketing and sales of beer, but also produces soft drinks, energy drinks and bottled water. San Miguel Corporation, yet another renowned competitor, also engages in the production of beverages and is involved in other business segments such as food and packaging products, power generation and distribution, mining, fuel and oil, infrastructure, telecommunications, management and development of real estate properties. . EXISTING OPERATIONS OF COMPANY 5. 1 Entry modes used for expansion Joint Ventures Asia pacific breweries preferred mode of entry is Joint Ventures. For example, in Singapore, Asian Pacific Breweries started out in Singapore as a Joint Ventu re between Heineken International and Fraser and Neave in 1931 and was known as Malayan Breweries Limited. Asia pacific breweries also used joint venture in Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and New Zealand. In Cambodia, Asian Pacific Breweries formed a joint venture with Progress Import and Export, which formed Cambodia Brewery Ltd.In China, Asian Pacific Brewery formed a 50-50 joint venture with its shareholders, Fraser and Neave, Limited and Heineken in China known as Heineken-APB (China). APBL also engaged in a joint venture with Laos: Asian Pacific Breweries opened a brewery in Laos through a joint venture with the Government of Laos and SBK Consultant Ltd. Malaysia’s Guinness Anchor Bhd was a result of the merger of Guinness Malaysia Bhd and Malayan Sdn Bhd whose parent company is the current Asian Pacific Brewery. In Mongolia, Asian Pacific has formed a 55-45 joint venture with MCS Holdings LLC.APBL also entered Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and New Zealand via Joint Venture. In Thailand, Asian Pacific Breweries entered Thailand, to form a joint venture with Thai Life Insurance Company Limited and Thai Pure Drinks Company Limited. Similarly, In Vietnam, Vietnam Brewery Ltd. , (VBL) was formed by a joint venture between Saigon Trading Group (SATRA) & APBL. Finally, In Indonesia, APB participates in the Indonesian beer market via PT Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk (MBI). Acquisitions In 1955, APB entered Papua New Guinea by acquiring a stake in the brewery, which has been the sole beer brewer in Papua New Guinea since 1983.Further expanding their foothold in the South Pacific, APB entered the beer market of Solomon Islands with a majority  stake in Solomon Breweries Limited (SBL). Merger In New Caledonia, APB entered the beer market of New Caledonia via Grande Brasserie de Nouvelle Caledonia (GBNC). GBNC was formed in 1974 as a result of a merger of two breweries in the territory of New Caledonia. Partnership In Sri Lanka, APBL formed a partnership with Sri Lankan-based Anandappa family group and associates and MBL Offshore Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phoenix Beverages Limited, which is a leading beverage group from Mauritius, to form APB Lanka.Please refer to Appendix A for APB’s shareholdings in the various countries 5. 2Types of operating issues or problems encountered Operational issues: When expanding into foreign countries, the scale of investment and exports increases. Large amount of capital is needed for venturing into new markets, resulting in the company having fewer budgets to channelize into other new markets or other development areas like R&D. Additionally; customers in different market have different standards, forcing APBL to consistently adapt the flavor to suit to local’s tongue.The unexpected fluctuating exchange rate incurred loss as seen when â€Å"APB suffered a paper loss of S$37. 9m & S$14. 5m in 2008 & 2009 respectively. â₠¬  APBL experiences currency risks due to contractual cash flow invoice in another currency. There is potential currency mismatch in investing countries like Vietnam and Mongolia. For example, APBL invests in USD but revenue generated comes in VND. High agricultural products price resulting from natural disasters also happens in overseas production subsidiary would increase cost of beer production.There might be political and economic regulatory uncertainties in investing market that delay the business operation or high entry barrier in some country as government restrict foreign investment scale or the sales of beer. Economic problems: Due to increase in prices of agricultural products such as wheat and barley, this increases the cost of beer production as well. APBL had to absorb this increase in cost of production, which will be bound to induce negative effects such as an increase in selling prices of beer to offset the higher cost of production.This might lead to potential loss of customers. Also, the value of the firm may be affected by unanticipated and volatile changes in the exchange rates on home currency. For example, the depreciation of Tugrik led to an exchange loss of $ 5. 9M. Political problems: When venturing into Mongolia, there were various benefits and risks encountered by APBL. Some political risks encountered were that the political system lacks transparency and corruption level is high.When venturing into Indochina, there was similarly a high level of corruption in the government coupled with a high tax regime of 45% which decreases the profit margin of APBL due to the higher expenses incurred from the high tax regime. Legal problems: Asia Pacific Breweries’ financial manager, Chia Teck Leng is currently serving 42 years in prison as a result of swindling S$117 million from a Scandinavian bank, two Japanese banks, and a German bank across a period of four years to make up for his gambling addiction.This is reflected as the lengthie st jail term given for the biggest case in commercial fraud in Singapore to date. Chia was charged with using underhand means to extort foreign banks of about S$117 million, criminal breach of trust of S$53 million, money laundering, and encouraging his girlfriend Li Jin to use a forged passport. He was imprisoned on 2 April 2004 after pleading guilty to 14 charges. 6. FUTURE EXPANSION PLAN 6. 1 Selected countries and reasons for expansion Reasons for venturing into Spain The Spanish culture is known for drinking a lot of beer.If APB ventures into Spain, it can be assured of a big market to introduce its products to. But despite the presence of many other beer companies in Spain, APB is a cheaper alternative compared to other beers, which will thus attract many consumers. Furthermore, it is known that good beer is a sign of a good restaurant. If APB can satisfy its customers’ standard of ‘good beer’, it can definitely boost the reputation of restaurants that cate r APB to its customers. In addition, foreign beers are very rampant in Spain. This shows that the Spanish would welcome foreign beers.Thus, this ensures that APB products will have higher chances of being accepted by the Spanish. Barcelona is also known to be a ‘Drinker’s Paradise’. However, there have been negative feedbacks about the type of beers offered in Barcelona bars, which does not complement the drinking environment in Barcelona. Hence, if APB products can satisfy the Spanish, this will up the profit that bars make from selling beers, which will in turn benefit APB in the long run. From 2009 to 2012, the economy of Spain met with a downturn, and almost a quarter of Spain’s workforce was unemployed.APB can now make use of the unemployed as labor for APB in Spain. Reasons for venturing into Australia The wine industry has expanded rapidly but Australians will always be known as beer drinkers, even rivaling the likes of Germans. Therefore, if APB ve ntures into Australia it will also have a large market of consumers to introduce its products to. Coupled with the fact that APB is a cheaper beer alternative, there is a high chance that many consumers will turn to APB to satisfy their demands. There are also various Beer Festivals held in Australia on a regular basis.Such Beer Festivals include ‘The 7th Annual Australian Beer Festival’ which attracted a large crowd of over 10000 people with 24 Australian brewers and over 100 Aussie beers present during the festival. Such Beer Festivals are definitely a good avenue to increase the reputation of APB at a large and quick scale if APB were to venture into Australia. In addition to Beer Festivals, there is also the presence of beer competition such as the ‘Australian International Beer Awards’. This is yet another platform for breweries to showcase their premium beer and brewing excellence.All these platforms reflects the Australian’s interest in beer d rinking and thus this is definitely a good reason for APB to venture into the Australian market and grab its own customer loyalties and build its reputation in Australia. More importantly, the economy of Australia is one of the most developed, modern market economies in the world. In 2011, the Australian economy was the fastest growing advanced economy in the world, with a GDP of approximately US$1. 6 trillion. This means that the Australians are earning more than the worldwide average.The IMF in April 2012 predicted that Australia would be the best performing economy in the world over the next two years. With such a boosting economy in Australia, APB should venture into Australia. Australia has also entered into many FTAs with ASEAN countries and Australia is also a member of various international organizations such as APEC and WTO. This puts Australia in a very good position to make foreign trading with other countries, granted support from these organizations 6. 2 Identification of sub-factors used for expansion Political-Legal factorsSub-factors used: Country risk ranking, political stability ranking, legal regulatory ranking, corruption index and political transparency index and ease of doing business ranking. Political and legal forces greatly impact the success of a company expanding into a foreign environment. It comprises of three main pillars. They are government regulation; laws that restrict the amount of trade freedom a foreign company has in a host country. The Government bureaucracy provides the foreign company with the legal license to conduct business activity in the country and political stability.Economic factors Sub-factors used: GDP growth rate, GDP Growth Projection, Purchasing power parity, Per Capita Income, Inflation rate, Exchange rate stability and presence of competitors. Economic factors refer to whether the country is favorable in terms of its economy. It is a significant factor considered when expanding, as economic factors will greatly affect the success of the company in that country. Social Cultural factors Sub-factors used: Education level, Language, Religion, Income, Age and Ethnic distribution and attitude towards time. The social culture in every country is different.The language, attitudes towards business, religious beliefs, traditions, and customs varies greatly from country to country. Managers must be aware of the differing cultures and specific taste of each country and tailor their products to suit their individual cultures. By doing so, it raises the level of competiveness and demand for that product in that market. Geographical factors Sub-factors used: Accessibility to raw materials, agricultural products available, natural hazards, climate, percentage unemployed in labor force, minimum gross annual wage rate, land area, lease period of land, cost of land & terrain.Geographic features in every country heavily influence the rate and pace at which a foreign company can expand in the host country. Surface features such as navigable rivers and flat plains aids travel and contact with others, hence accelerating the productivity of the company. However, countries with topographical features like treacherous mountain ranges, deserts and large bodies of water may discourage communication. This affects consumers’ product needs and wants, hence requiring managers to be extra particular about their preference. Technological factorsSub-factors used: Availability of Digital Network Infrastructure, Internet penetration rate, Presence of legal framework for intellectual property and presence of e-banking structure. Technological advancement varies extensively throughout the world. Most firms would expand into a new market only if there is demand for its product or if the technology and infrastructure there can support its existing production operations. A country with the latest technology and infrastructure would mean lower costs for the company that is intending to ente r into that market. 6. 2. Political/Legal Factors Factor| Spain| Australia| Country Risk Ranking| Risk ranking of 61. 83| Risk ranking of 82. 25 ? | Political Stability Risk Ranking| With a Political Instability Index of 5. 5, Spain is ranked 104th in the world. | With a Political Instability Index (PII) of 3. 6, Australia is ranked 154th in the world. ?| Legal Regulatory Risk Ranking| Overall assessment of Spain is B, 30. | Overall assessment of Australia is A, 18. ?| Corruption Index & Political Transparency Index | With a Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of 6. 1, Spain is ranked 30th in the world. With a Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of 8. 7, Australia is ranked 8th in the world. ?| Ease of Doing Business Ranking| Spain achieved a rank of 44. | Australia achieved a rank of 15. ?| In terms of Political-Legal factors, Australia is more favorable as it is better than Spain in terms of Country Risk Ranking, Political Stability Risk Ranking, Legal Regulatory Risk Ranking, Cor ruption Index & Political Transparency Index and Ease of Doing Business Ranking. 6. 2. 2 Economic Factors Factor| Spain| Australia| GDP Growth Rate| 0. 8% (2011 est. )| 1. 8% (2011 est. ) ? | -0. 1% (2010 est. )| 2. 7% (2010 est. )  ? | Purchasing Power Parity| $1,413,468 million (2011)| $914,482 million (2011) | Per Capita Income| $32360 (2010-11)| $65477 (2010-11) | Inflation Rate| 3. 1% (2011 est. ) ? | 3. 4% (2011 est. )| | 2% (2010 est. )  ? | 2. 8% (2010 est. )| Exchange Rate Stability| Euros (EUR) per US dollar – 0. 7107 (2011 est. ) 0. 755 (2010 est. ) 0. 7198 (2009 est. ) 0. 6827 (2008 est. ) 0. 7345 (2007 est. ) > Less stable| Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar – 0. 9694 (2011 est. ) 1. 0902 (2010) 1. 2822 (2009) 1. 2059 (2008) 1. 137 (2007) > More stable ? | Presence of Competitors| Yes. There are strong competitors but not so many brewery companies ? | Yes. There are strong competitors and various microbreweries companies. Tense competit ion| In terms of Economic factors, Australia is more favorable because it is deemed better in five out seven sub-factors. From the comparison table, we know that Australia’s economy is more stable and more favorable for business as compared to Spain because it has a higher GDP Growth Rate and Projection, a lower Purchasing Power Parity and a higher Per Capita Income.Furthermore its Exchange Rate Stability is also more stable. 6. 2. 3 Social Cultural Factors Factor| Spain| Australia| Education level/ Literacy rate| 98. 5| 99. 98 ? | Language| Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2%  | Majority: English 78. 5%, Chinese 2. 5%, Italian 1. 6%, Greek 1. 3%, Arabic 1. 2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8. 2%, Unspecified 5. 7%  ? | Income Distribution| * 10% Rich (25. 2% of income) * 80% Middle Class (72% of income) * 10% (2. 8% of the income)| * 10% Rich (25. 4% of income) * 80% Between the two (72. % of the income) * 10% Poor (2% of the income. ?| Attit ude towards time| The Spaniards are typically a laid back group of people, with a relaxed sense of time| It is expected of an individual to be punctual in any occasion ? | Age Distribution| 0-14 years:  15. 1%15-64 years:  67. 7%65 years and over:  17. 1%| 0-14 years:  18. 3% 15-64 years:  67. 7%65 years and over:  14% ? | It is more feasible to expand into Australia because its Social Cultural factors are more promising. It has a higher Education level and Literacy rate, which means the citizens in Australia are more employable.In terms of Language, majority of Australians speak English thus dispelling any language barriers. Australia’s attitude towards time is also more advantageous for the business. 6. 2. 4 Technological-Infrastructure Factors Factor| Spain| Australia| Secure Internet Servers| 285| 2003? | Internet users (per 100 people)| 65. 8| 75. 9? | Presence of Legal framework for Intellectual Property| Copyright Law of SpainSpanish Patent and Trademark Of fice| Australian Property Law ? | Presence of e-Banking Infrastructure | Top 8 country, 46% utilization ? Top 10 country, 44% utilization| It is also more practical to expand into Australia because it is better in terms of the Technological-Infrastructure sub factors. In order for an international business to experience ease in communications between countries, its technological factors must be superlative. By analyzing the various sub-factors, we know that the Internet users (per 100) and Secure Internet Servers in Australia is much higher. 6. 2. 4 Geographical Factors 1 Factor| Spain| Australia| Natural hazards| Periodic droughts, occasional flooding and volcanism ? Cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires volcanism| Climate| Temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior,  partly cloudy and cool along coast ? | Generally arid to semiarid (low precipitation); temperate in south and east; tropical i n north| % Unemployed in Labour Force| 20. 065%? | 5. 233% | Minimum Gross Annual Wage Rate (International Dollars)| $11,426. 00 ? | $20,027. 00| Land Area (sq. km)| 505,370| 7,741,220 ? | Terrain| Large, flat to dissected plateaus surrounded by rugged hills ? | Mostly low plateau with eserts, fertile plains in southeast| Upon comparing both countries’ Geographical Factors 1, Spain is more favorable. This is because it is less prone to natural hazards and its climate is more conducive for setting up a plant. They also have a large unemployment rate, which APBL can take advantage of if they chose to expand into Spain. 6. 2. 5 Geographical Factors 2 Factor| Spain| Australia| Length of road network| The road network comprises a total of 346,858 km| The road network comprises a total of 913,000 km ? | Number of Airports| 47 Airports | 448 Airports ? | Number of Seaports| 66 Seaports| 214 Seaports ? Preferential Tax Incentives for Foreign Investors| Deductions are readily availabl e for export activities, investment in the environment, R&D, extraordinary profits reinvestment, training, etc. ?| Subjective to the nature and size of the investment project, the relevant Australian State governments may give rebates from payroll, stamp and land taxes on an ad hoc basis and for limited periods. | By analyzing the Geographical factors 2, Australia is much better because it has a longer road network, more airports as well as seaports. This means that it is much more accessible if we expand into Australia. 6. Recommendation, reasons and type of entry mode to use for Australia. Recommendation We chose to enter the Australian market with either a company currently existing in Australia or a company that hasn’t expanded into any other countries, and have similar goals as Asia Pacific Brewery. We have chosen to go with Coopers Brewery Limited, the largest Australian-owned brewery or the largest home brewing equipment producer in the world. Reasons By venturing into Australia with Coopers Brewery Limited, the chances of reducing cost and risk would be higher as compared to attempting to enter the market alone or with external companies.This would be due to the fact that Coopers Brewery Limited has an established name and hence, this allows them to share their experiences with APB, reducing the trouble of setting up their own subsidiary, ultimately reducing the chances of consumer doubt. Therefore, smaller amount of investment is required to put APB’s business into operation. APB need not waste valuable time to set up its own subsidiary or look for ways to enter the Australian market, which it has low international experience or little cultural knowledge of. Knowledge wise, APB would have an advantage when going into joint venture with CoopersBrewery Limited because they possess information and first-hand experience about the local market demand and they know what â€Å"works† in order to satisfy their consumer’s standa rds and preferences. In terms of production capacity, APB would be able to increase its product and sales volume as there might be sharing of staff and production facilities between both brewery companies. They can also share the cost of marketing and advertising their brewery products. APB can now afford to sell its product at cheaper price, thus increasing its competitiveness in the brewery industry within short period of time.Type of Entry Mode to use We chose to enter the Australian market via Joint Venture with Coopers Brewery Limited. Coopers Brewery Limited was established in 1862, by Thomas Cooper at his home in the  Adelaide  suburb of  Norwood, South Australia. Being the utmost powerful beer company in South-Australia, Coopers Brewery Limited would have the largest amount of market shares hence we would be able to penetrate the markets and promote APB’s branding to Australia, as the consumer-producer’s trust is already established.APB can build good rel ations with its new retailers and customers since its joint venture partner already has a reputable brand image, thus this adds on to APB’s credibility without much effort required. Therefore, APB would be able to distribute its product more efficiently through the availability of existing market channels that Coopers Brewery Limited has. 6. 4 Reasons for not selecting Spain. By comparing both countries, and weighing the factors used for expansion, we have unanimously concluded that Spain is not as favorable as compared to Australia.In terms of Political-Legal factors, Spain’s country risk ranking is lower than Australia, which indicates political instability that is unfavorable when setting up a business. Furthermore, Spain’s ranking when it comes to ease of doing business is ranked 44 in the world, a significant inferiority compared to Australia which ranks 15. Economically wise, Spain’s GDP Growth rate is relatively smaller compared to Australiaâ€℠¢s. In terms of Per Capita Income, Spain’s is much lower compared to Australia, which might play a role as to unsatisfactory sales.Furthermore, by comparing 5-year statistics, the exchange rate stability also fluctuates more than Australia, therefore being less stable. By looking at the Social Cultural factors, Spain is less favorable than Australia because of its lower literacy rate and minor percentage of English speaking individuals, Moreover, the Age Distribution in Australia is better than Spain because despite the exact same percentage of people aged 15-64, the youth’s population in Australia is greater than Spain.This means that in the future, Spain’s percentage of 15-64 would be less compared to Australia. This age groups consists of the majority of working individuals, hence, a smaller figure would be deemed as having an adverse effect to the company. Technological Factors also indicates that Spain isn’t on par with Australia. International Busin esses rely heavily on technology for communication. If APBL wants to expand to a country, it would be an advantage if the country’s penetration rate were higher.By comparison from the table above, it is evident that the Internet Users (per 100) in Australia far exceeds Spain’s, which would mean that there are more computer literate individuals in Australia as compared to Spain, which would pave the way for more employment opportunities. Geographically speaking, Spain’s land area is comparatively smaller than Australia. In order to establish a major brewery, a vast land area is required and Australia has more land than Spain, which means that it would be more economical as land isn’t as scarce.The comparison also shows that Spain has lesser Airports, Seaports and a shorter length of road network, which reflects that the accessibility in Spain is inferior to Australia’s. CONCLUSION Our consultant team has found that Australia would be the more promis ing country for Asia Pacific Breweries’ expansion plans. This is conclusive of our results, which were based on a thorough assessment of thirty-six diverse sub-factors, which are instrumental in successful business expansions. Australia was found to be more favorable in twenty-six out of the thirty-six factors.Australia boasts a relatively slight political risk and has low corruption in the country, which provides a conducive and secure environment for Asia Pacific Breweries to conduct its operations in. Furthermore, agricultural produce in Australia is suitable for the brewing of quality beer, thus Asia Pacific Breweries does not need to source for additional raw materials, which would otherwise incur a huge cost. Australia also has a comprehensive web of transport infrastructure, which would greatly increase the efficiency of Asia Pacific Breweries operations, hence cutting costs.The quality of education in Australia is also of a high standard, producing a workforce that is highly literate. A highly educated work force will not only increase work productivity but also the overall competitiveness and capabilities of Asia Pacific Breweries in Australia. The Australian economy shows no sign of slowing down as GDP growth rates are projected to continue increasing through the years. Additionally, the per capita income in Australia is considerably high, which means that the average Australian is comparatively well to do.As beer is a lifestyle product, a strong, robust economy coupled with a high standard of living will be able to better complement and boost the sales of beer. After taking into considerations the abovementioned conclusions, the team here at G&T Consultancy would like to offer a recommendation for Asia Pacific Breweries to expand into the Australian market. APPENDIXES Appendix A: APB’s Shareholdings BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Asia Pacific Breweries Limited – SWOT Analysis Overview, (2011) Retrieved 20 May 2012, from  http://forum. sh areinvestor. com/forum/showthread. php? 23-Asia-Pacific-Breweries 2.APB: Commences Legal Proceedings Regarding Proposed Sale Of Heineken-APB (China)(2012) Retrieved 20 May 2012, from  http://forum. shareinvestor. com/forum/showthread. php? 23-Asia-Pacific-Breweries 3. Market line, Last updated (2012), Retrieved 22nd May 2012 from: http://360. datamonitor. com. libwww3. np. edu. sg/Product? pid=88B119E4-FAC0-4BA3-B0B8-403ED16218AA&view=SWOTAnalysis 4. Damien Corrigan – Beer in Spain: What to expect in a Spanish Bar (2012) Retrieved 29th May from: http://gospain. about. com/od/fooddrink/qt/beerinspain. htm 5. Beer drinking in Barcelona, Spain, Retrieved 29th May from: http://www. beertutor. om/city_guides/barcelona. shtml 6. Beers of Australia, Retrieved 29th May from: http://www. clickforaustralia. com/BeersofAustralia. htm 7. Australian International Beer Awards, Retrieved 29th May from: http://www. beerawards. com/index. asp 8. The 7th Annual Australian Beer Festival? Saturday 29th & Sunday 30th October, Retrieved 29th May from: http://www. australianheritagehotel. com/beerFest. html 9. Economy of Australia. (2012), Retrieved 12th June from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economy_of_Australia 10. Economy of Spain (2012), Retrieved 12th June from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economy_of_Spain 11. 11.Singapore, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: h 12. ttp://www. apb. com. sg/singapore. html 13. Cambodia, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: http://www. apb. com. sg/cambodia. html 14. 13. China, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 15. http://www. apb. com. sg/china. html 16. 14. Indonesia, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 17. http://www. apb. com. sg/indonesia. html 18. Laos, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 19. 20. http://www. apb. com. sg/laos. html 21. 16. Malaysia, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 22. http://www. apb. com. sg/malaysia. html 23. 17. Mongolia, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 24. http://www. apb. com. sg/mongolia. html 25. 18.New Caledonia, Retrie ved 10th July 2012 from: 26. http://www. apb. com. sg/new-caledonia. html 27. 19. New Zealand, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 28. http://www. apb. com. sg/new-zealand. html 29. 20. Papua New Guinea, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 30. http://www. apb. com. sg/papua-new-guinea. html 21. Sri Lanka, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 22. 23. http://www. apb. com. sg/sri-lanka. html 24. 22. Singapore, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 25. http://www. apb. com. sg/solomon-islands. html 26. 23. Thailand, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 27. http://www. apb. com. sg/thailand. html 28. 24. Vietnam, Retrieved 10th July 2012 from: 9. http://www. apb. com. sg/vietnam. html 30. Cambodia Brewery Ltd sales down 10pc in ’09. (2010, 8th February). Retrieved 11th July from: http://khmernz. blogspot. sg/2010/02/cambodia-brewery-ltd-sales-down-10pc-in. html 31. Coopers Brewery, Retrieved 11th July 2012 from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coopers_Brewery 32. Rogers, S. (2010, October 26). Datablog. Retri eved 4th July from http://www. guardian. co. uk/news/datablog/2010/oct/26/corruption-index-2010-transparency-international 33. Viewswire. (2010). Retrieved 4th July from http://viewswire. eiu. com/site_info. asp? info_name=social_unrest_table&page=noads 34.Cia – the world factbook. (2012, June 08). Retrieved 4th July from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp. html 35. CIA. (2012, February 15). Cia world factbook. Retrieved 4th July from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as. html 36. European beer guide. (2006). Retrieved 4th July from http://www. europeanbeerguide. net/spanbrew. htm 37. International monetary fund. (n. d. ). Retrieved 4th July from http://www. imf. org/external/country/AUS/index. htm 38. International monetary fund. (n. d. ). Retrieved 4th July from http://www. imf. org/external/country/ESP/index. htm 39.Spain economic statistics and indicators. (2011, August 01). Retrieved 4th July from ht tp://www. economywatch. com/economic-statistics/country/Spain/ 40. Australia economic statistics and indicators. (2011, August 01). Retrieved 4th July from http://www. economywatch. com/economic-statistics/country/Australia/ 41. Retrieved 10th July from http://www. unece. org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/wpla/publications/restrictionsanalysis. pdf 42. Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. (2011, November 14). Retrieved 10th July from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_minimum_wages_by_country 43. World risk average. (2011, June 03). Retrieved 10th July from http://www. uromoneycountryrisk. com/ 44. Economic Intelligence Unit. (2011, July 15). Retrieved 10th July from http://www. eiu. com/ 45. Trumbic, T. (2011). Retrieved 13th July from The World Bank website: http://www. doingbusiness. org 46. Barrientos, M. (2011, 12 21). www. indexmundi. com/georgia/. Retrieved 13th July from http://www. indexmundi. com/ 47. Executive planet. ( 21:). Retrieved 13th July from http://executiveplanet. com/ 48. Wikipedia. (2012, March 31). Retrieved 13th July from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita 49. Wikipedia. (2012). Retrieved 13th July from: http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Category:Beer_and_breweries_in_Spain 50. Wikipedia. (2012). Retrieved 13th July from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_Australia 51. (2011). Retrieved 17th July from The World Bank Group website: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/IT. NET. USER/countries 52. (2011). Retrieved 17th July from The World Bank Group website: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/IT. NET. SECR. P6/countries 53. Business Review. (2012) Retrieved 17th July from: http://apb. com. sg/annual-report. html 54. Top Countries for Online Banking. (2010, October 27). Retrieved from http://www. onlinebanking. net/top-countries-for-online-banking/

What Does it Cost to Attend the University of Connecticut?

Opportunities abound at the University of Connecticut, which offers students a choice of 14 schools and colleges and 116 majors. And with Hartford just a half hour away (Boston’s 90 minutes by car), there’s little chance getting bored while earning your degree. Although UConn is a public college, the school’s list price is relatively high. Fortunately, a majority of students pay less than the sticker price to go to this school. Keep reading to discover what it really costs to attend the University of Connecticut. Public schools tend to boast lower tuition costs than their private counterparts. However, that doesn’t mean the overall cost to the student will necessarily be less. UConn and other public universities may not have the robust endowments of a private school. This can mean that public institutions have less funding available, particularly in the form of scholarships and grants. Still, UConn student’s shouldn’t necessarily expect to pay the full list price. To determine a school’s actual cost, or financial aid net price, first add up the value of all forms of financial aid, including federal, state, and local grants and private scholarships; then, subtract this total from the school’s sticker price. The list price for the University of Connecticut varies based on whether a student lives in state or out of state. For the 2016-2017 academic year, the total price of tuition and fees for in-state students was $30,002. Out-of-state attendees faced a list price of $51,794. In general, individuals from families making less than $175,000 a year and those in the top 30% of incoming students were unlikely to pay the full sticker price for their degrees. Financial aid can reduce the list price of a UConn degree. For the 2016-2017 school year, the average net cost for tuition was $27,550 for in-state students and $49,342 for those residing outside of Connecticut. The cost of tuition at UConn varies based on family income bracket. View average costs per salary level below: Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Merit aid can help reduce the cost of a college degree. At the University of Connecticut, 29.9% of students without financial need receive merit-based aid; the average per-student award is $2,249. These numbers give UConn a ranking of 670 out of the 1000 schools analyzed for merit aid generosity. For in-state students who don’t qualify for need-based financial aid, the average price of a UConn degree is $27,753. The average price for out-of-state students who didn’t qualify for financial aid was $49,545.   Many students borrow money to defer the cost of college. Currently, 55% of UConn students take out loans; at UConn, the average federal loan per undergraduate is $6,497. Evaluating student outcomes at a given college can help families determine whether that school represents a good investment. The most recent data shows that 81% of students at the University of Connecticut graduate within six years. A decade out, the average UConn graduate earns $58,400 per year. These numbers can help students and parents determine whether a degree from a particular school is worth the price. UConn is located in Mansfield, a location where prices are in-line with average costs in the U.S. In fact, Mansfield’s cost of living index is 107.5, which means it’s just 7.5% more expensive than the average American city. If you live off campus while attending this school, expect to spend $1000 for a one-bedroom, $1245 for a two-bedroom, or $1559 for a three-bed apartment. Working part time during college can help offset the costs of your education. Currently, Connecticut has a minimum wage of $10.10, which means students can expect to earn at least this amount per hour. For those who stick around after graduating, the average annual salary in Mansfield is $54,261. Work-study positions are great options for students who want to earn extra cash while minimizing the time their work takes away form their studies. Not only are these positions located on campus, which eliminates a long commute, but they also often are positions like library or security desk monitoring that allow students time to do homework and reading at work. Additionally, students should consider applying for independent scholarships to reduce the cost of a college degree. One popular choice is the National Merit Scholarship program , which provides recognition and grant money to students in the top one percent of PSAT test takers. Around 15,000 students a year receive funding through this program. Discover more scholarship programs on the UConn website . The high cost of a college degree can prevent students from pursuing the education they need and deserve. That’s where ’s Applications Team comes in. We aim to level the playing field by helping students choose the best colleges and create robust applicant profiles to increase their odds of getting accepted. Additionally, we assist with financial aid concerns, helping families fill out FAFSA forms and negotiate aid. To learn more about what we do, call today or contact our team online.

Organisational Behaviour Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Organisational Behaviour - Literature review Example Organisation works as a purposeful collection of people brought together to reach a desired outcome, that is, to achieve the organisational objectives (Kaliski, 2001, p.445). The outcome of the activity may vary from providing a service to producing a product or accumulation of wealth. The process for achieving the goals requires the organisations to formulate various strategies that determine the reporting, task allocation, coordination, and interaction techniques. The foundational values and behaviours are carried along with the development of the organisation, and these elements later turn out to be the cultural effects of the organisation. The culture of an organisation decides how the organisation is going to operate in its business environment, and also about the desired objectives. Therefore understanding the organisational behaviour enables a person to understand the organisational behaviour better. It also helps in analysing the role of employee in the organisational culture . Organisational behaviour has been a well studied subject over the years by student, researchers, and mainly by organisational managements, as a general theory and scholarly research in organisational management. ... Humans are the most valuable assets of an organisation, without them it cannot carry out its everyday business function (Kaliski, 2001, p.445). Therefore, the human resource managers are often asked to find the most effective methods to motivate the employees in their work to achieve the maximum job satisfaction. Organisational behaviour makes use of the information and interprets the findings for the purpose of canalising the behaviour of an individual and the group into an expected result. Achievement of the organisational as well as individual goals depends on the two basic elements; performance of the employees and job satisfaction. Therefore, organisations, in this competitive world, must focus on growth-oriented operations. Organisational behaviour is a comprehensive area that integrates several behavioural sciences such as sociology, psychology, economics, etc in order to find out the extent to which human behaviour contributes to the organisational growth and greater efficien cy. Modern organisations, regardless of their size or nature, emphasise on HR as their major focus of strategic interest. The exceeding significance on this area is attributed to numerous motivational theories which brought forth the idea that employees’ level of performance is highly associated with their level of motivation. As the employees’ perspectives on reward vary, it will be unfair if an organization designs its reward system solely based on fiscal aspects. Usually the reward devise in an organisation is influenced by the managers’ performance assessment. One might admit that there are various factors which disturb the performance-reward equation. For instance, the quality of leadership and organisational structure are highly

Long-run U.S. Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Long-run U.S. Economic Growth - Essay Example Real GDP moves around the potential GDP. This is how GDP can be measured from the supply side. Again from demand side perspective GDP is determined by total consumption, investment and government expenditure in a closed economy and by an additional component called net exports in open economy. It has been statistically proven that industrial growth of a nation is closely associated with GDP growth. Also, industrialization forms the platform for structural changes in imports and exports. The economic developments underwent by the United States exemplifies how an underdeveloped economy could grow into an immense and affluent industrial state and show remarkable economic growth despite being intervened by short term downs. In more developed economies labor force seems to be distributed more towards the industrial and services sector and importance of agriculture is lessened (Cypher and Dietz, 272). After gaining independence along with 13 colonies, they came together to collaborate into a nation of 4 million people. During 1790, four fifth of the labor force in US belonged to the farm while the capital goods and technology along with finished products were imported from overseas. At present the major part of the nation belongs to the industries with more than 170 million people who are generating their own capital and technology in a society which is persistently expanding. It might be important to state that if supply of labor was the key to industrial growth, then other countries with high population like China and India could show similar levels of improvement. United States possessed several natural advantages for this growth to be sustained. Some of these were derived from the natural situation of the country. The nation had fertile lands and immense natural resources. The climate supported health and generated energy. There was no problem of overpopulation or pressure on existing resources and on the other hand, this scarcity also promoted growth and develop ment as it necessitated economic growth. The population was advanced in terms of culture, moral and political status. Most of them were literate and understood the law and adept in of self-government. The legacy of Calvinism enforced the resolution to earn and save and also democracy brought about an ability to consume as well as enjoy. All these factors combined made economic growth irresistible. Thus work, democracy, innovation and education made a combined effort towards taking the economy along the path of growth. The labor force was committed to work such their earnings went beyond subsistence and devoted long labor hours. The ex-colonies decided to amalgamate after independence and this led the growth of an internal market which provided stimulus to economic growth. Social mobility was utilized to serve as a tool for growth. The urge to be involved with new materials, technologies, machines all contributed towards different methods for improvement (Harris, 3). Again their devo tion towards expanding the education base promoted learning and improvement of human resources with time. All these factors combined to rebuild the continent from the colonial status and pushed it into the current stage of growth and development. Overview of Economic Growth in the late Eighteenth and Nineteenth century Net National Product of a country normally serves as a convenient measure of the

Animal Testing and Rgihts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animal Testing and Rgihts - Research Paper Example In fact, vivisection of small animals like frogs, rabbits and mice is not confined to sophisticated laboratories alone, but are also a part of school and college curriculum. Animals are also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to test drugs and cosmetics before market release. According to AWA reports, the U.S government estimated that the number of laboratory animals used in 2010 alone was about 1,136,567. â€Å"Precise figures for the number of rats, mice, birds and fish do not exist, but it is estimated that approximately 25 million of these animals are used every year† (animal Reports Animal Usage by Fiscal year, 1-2). Vivisection is not just using of animals for scientific purposes alone; it also involves the inhumane treatment meted out to them. They are kept in cages in dark laboratories, fed poorly and stored for experimentation alone. The lab animals are subjected to toxic testing, allergen testing etc which involves cruel treatment for the sake of test ing alone and justify them on the grounds that Human feeling s and animals feeling have a difference (Ryder). While many researchers and vivisection enthusiasts may argue that animal testing is beneficial to humans, I shall discus as to why this should be stopped and alternatives adopted. Scientifically Unreliable Scientists and researchers who use animals for their research work often claim that the results procured and derived from these animal-test based experimentation is for the benefit of the human race. But in reality this is untrue and the results may be totally unreliable because the anatomy of humans and animals is drastically different and each species responds differently to a particular substance, this is the reason why thousands of drugs and cosmetics that pass the lab-animal test have often been withdrawn from the markets, solely because they were harmful to humans. Chemical testing is highly unreliable and this can be understood with a small fact that arsenic which i s highly carcinogenic in humans rarely causes cancer in lab animals like mouse and rats. There is no evidence to prove that mice, rabbits and humans would react all the same to a certain chemical. Experimentation on animals is impractical and reveals negligible information about the human body and its response (Mur, 29). Furthermore, it is well known that the sensation of fear alters the biochemical processes of a living body and lab animals are in state of constant fear which may affect the results too. Hence, the results are not valid. ETHICALLY WRONG It is purely unethical to take advantage of speechless and helpless creatures and use them in the laboratories, inflicting intentional pain and fear among them in the name of human benefit. Science itself has proven that animals too like humans, are sentient. They can feel emotions like pain, fear, hunger, thirst etc, yet we deny animals their rights. Rifkin in his article reported about a study conducted in the Purdue University, U. S. where it was observed that’s pigs crave affection and attention and were depressed if denied so. The study strengthened the fact that animals did resemble humans in some form. The theory of Evolution states that Homo sapiens are linked to all other living creatures through evolution, yet somehow humans have taken the liberty to judge other living things and determine their value in Nature. There is nothing to determine whether inherent value of humans is higher than that of other living

The Open Source Challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Open Source Challenge - Essay Example American elite intelligent team uses OSINT as among the disciplines to combat security threats both at home and outside the country (FBI, 2014). For military officials to manage perfect air strikes and eliminate terrorism, they must have used intelligent Satellites to determine the terrorists’ locations. The intelligent team must have also used direct information from local residents. There is likelihood that the team used internet to acquire the correct photos and information of the targets. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (2010). IN Tellingence: Open Source Intelligence. Retrieved September 15, 2014 from https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/open-source-intelligence.html The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (FBI). (2014). Directorate of Intelligence: Intelligence Collection Disciplines (INTs). Retrieved September 15, 2014 from

Learning and Teaching Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning and Teaching Assessment - Essay Example As the author of this assignment, I am a nurse in one of the busy surgical wards in Singapore, where at times students are posted for their placements. The Gibbs Model of Reflection (1988) This model mainly takes place in six stages. These are the first stage that comprises description stage that makes it necessary to identify and describe the events, the second stage that is made up of the feelings and thoughts from where the feelings and opinions of both the mentor and the student are recognized. The third stage is that of evaluation where a description about what is good and bad in relation to the event is necessarily provided. In the fourth stage, which involves analysis examines the event and the expansion of knowledge that encourages the student to see and make sense out of the situation. The fifth stage is made up of the conclusion where the new knowledge acquired as well as any other step that should be taken are recognized. The sixth and final stage involves the action plan through which the acquired new knowledge is related to a forthcoming experience. Stage 1: Description As the mentor, I conducted a mid placement interview assessment on Catherine who seemed to fail in the achievement of some of her learning outcomes as a 2nd year student. As I found out, Catherine experiences some difficulty in communication with her staff mates and patents as well. She is not well conversant with the English language and thus finds it difficult to communicate some of the terminologies with the patients and her colleagues. With this, she usually finds it very difficult to make herself understood. Despite these, she also exhibited some extremely positive sides in that she was very professional, courteous and hardworking... This essay approves that if a student is to pass a placement, the mentor should ensure that they are confident about patients being in safe hands in the future. This is if the students proceeds with the routine and qualifies to be a nurse. It is also vital that mentors are not afraid to fail students. They should additionally realize that failing students are identified so as to prepare for greater achievements within the clinical practice. This report makes a conclusion that mentoring is a significant complex and challenging task. However, to make the task much easier the mentor should apply some of the available models. In this case, chose to use the Gibbs model as the reflective framework due to its efficient outline in helping to handle the problem at hand. This is applicable in the initial, mid and final processes of the mentoring and assessment process. The chances of availability of learning difficulties in a student should be identified early enough to give the student a chance to develop an action plan that helps them to achieve their learning outcomes. With it, both the mentor and student in this case were able to realize that learning is a proactive process. In addition, it also requires a conducive clinical environment in which the student works. Moreover, feedback, which should be constructive and continuous, should be importantly provided. It is because students find it extremely useful in understanding an y of the concerns that a mentor may possess.

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Change Management - Essay Example For a business, change management means describing and executing processes and/or expertise to deal with changes in the corporate environs and to earn profits from ever-fluctuating prospects. Up-and-coming adaptation to change is as vital within a business as it is in the normal domain. Just like floras and faunas, officialdoms and the persons in them without doubt come across changing circumstances that they are defenseless to handle. The more effectually you deal with transformation, the more probable you are to grow well. Adaptation might consist of inaugurating a well-thought-out procedure for answering to changes in the corporate surroundings (for instance an instability in the economy, or a menace from the opponents) or instituting handling tools for answering back to ups and downs in the place of work (for example new strategies, or machineries) (Change Management, 2007). Change is neither a new concept nor has it been introduced in recent years. It is an understood fact that things change with time and obviously there are numerous factors that are brought in the change. The University of Bolingoo is under the process of a technological change which is making the application process completely online i.e. no more paper applications. Technology is a very broad factor that is influencing every part of the organization. This type of change is a non-routine change and is not easy to implement as it involves high cost in terms of money, effort and research. In this era, technology is making it difficult for firms to keep up with the change with the same frequency and for universities the business is all about knowledge and how to obtain it. For any organization, which plans to bring in the change it needs to focus on five factors for starters, The university needs to list down all the reasons why it thinks that this type of technological change is necessary. Creating awareness in the campus is very important. Students and employees feedback on the reason woul d prove to be very beneficial. Likewise, consider the plus and minus points of the change. If the plus points out weight the negative ones then it would be advised that the change is brought in. Next up are the skills and knowledge that would be required to bring in the change such as more skilled, high hi-tech employees who have expertise in this department. Evaluation of the person’s ability to perform these skills needs to be identified. It is important to list down the reinforcements and to know if the incentives are in place to bring about the change and make it last. Similarly, the 5Whys tool is also important as the first question that would arise from a structural change is Why the change? In this case, the change is necessary for the reasons it could be that the clerical staff take a long time to procedure enrolment forms and students have no options but to stand in queues for a long period of time which would be annoying and stressful. But on the other hand, it is n ot the mistake of the clerical staff either, since they require checking and confirming all the details in the form and they have to make sure the information is correct. Then, there are J-customers too, who not intentionally, but do take a lot of time of the administrator for the reason that these customers are not usually unable to understand the correct language. But this problem

Medication Errors, Safety, Prevention and Reporting Essay

Medication Errors, Safety, Prevention and Reporting - Essay Example Medication errors that can lead to harmful effects on the patients can be prevented if nurses take the proper responsibilities of safety and reporting. Medication errors, particularly related to nursing, are defined as the errors that might lead to improper use of medication, causing harm to the patients, when the patient is in charge of some healthcare professional or nurses (Medication Errors, 2013). Medication Errors, Safety, Prevention, and Reporting:While medication errors may occur at any place, it has been found that the errors most commonly occur even when patients are in charge of any doctor, in nursing homes, under the case of nurses. It is highly essential and recommended to consult doctors before taking any medication in order to avoid harmful effects or injuries resultant from wrong medications. An example of medication error is intake of a prescription painkiller along with a non-prescription painkiller. In such cases, the dosage exceed the limit that should be taken an d thus cause damage to the livers. Thus safety measures need to be taken in order to avoid such errors in medication. Having a proper communication between the doctor and the nurses is one of the safest ways to clearly understand which drug is being provided to the patients (Medication Errors and Safety, 2010).It has been obtained that such medication errors can be prevented if certain cautious measures are considered. In many cases, the doctor may prescribe a wrong medicine, or the pharmacist may provide with a wrong drug. In such cases the nurses take the role to catch the wrong being taking place and protect the patients from the wrong treatments. However, when nurses make such mistakes themselves, they might have to pay for their mistakes. It can be considered that nurses being humans, mistakes might occur by them as well. Thus it is necessary to take certain steps that can at least minimize such mistakes, particularly when the lives of patients are at cost. For this purpose, th ere are certain rights of medication administration that if followed by the nurses can prevent such errors (Lampert, 2012). These rights include checking with two identifiers to ensure that the right medication is being provided to the intended patients. The names and the dates of birth of the patients should be checked in such cases along with checking the history of the patient. Checking the medication is another step that ensures that the intended medication is only provided and has not been mistaken with any other drug. The nurses should also check the appropriateness of the medication, and also the correctness of the amounts of the medications being offered to the patients (Lampert, 2012). These are some of the medication administration rights that need to be followed effectively by nurses in order to avoid medication errors. Some of the other preventive measures that can avoid medication

Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Legal System Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Legal System Essay â€Å"World order† is the term given to the balance of power among the nation states of the world. Differences between these nations can lead to a power imbalance, which affects world order. It can best be achieved through agreements between states and other international instruments that set out the ideal international standards of behavior for states on a number of issues. But conflicts arise between countries due to differences in cultural attitudes and the desire for extra territory. In order to settle such disputes the international community has legal bodies such as the United Nations to cooperate with countries to find solutions and be a leader in settling and spreading ethical standards. Their prime aim is to promote world order. But for society not only the autonomy of nations and the lack of enforcement power but also a range of other factors limit the effectiveness of such an organisations. Each country has its own perspective on world order and not all meets eye to eye. But it can be argued that world order is a necessity in today’s society. There are many conflicts between majorities and minorities or nation against nation that can take many forms such as guerilla, military and nuclear warfare. An example of a military conflict was the Gulf war between Iraq and the UN lead forces concerning the occupation of Kuwait. But not all conflicts fit into the category of direct confrontation; some arise when a group ignores the needs of another or exploits them. For example after a long civil war in 1996 when the Taliban took control of Afghanistan. Many measures severely restricted women’s rights and alienated other Afghans. Due to an imbalance of economic power further conflicts can arise such as when a third world country cannot compete with developed nations because of the lack of capital they possess. When a dominant group expands its power by taking over territory and increasing its population and its resources, it is called expansion, which affects the international power structure that can possibly threaten world order. Even though it can be achieved through peaceful practices it mainly takes form in a conflict. In a stable global environment, interdependence, this means that nations rely upon others, can have favorable outcomes. But in an unstable world order, it can lead to conflict and the possible subjugation of weaker nations. Throughout history, local communities and indigenous people have suffered dramatically from conflict and expansion as more dominant groups have both directly and indirectly damaged their culture through the loss of customs, social structure and language. International crimes are criminal acts that have international repercussions on people, state, peace, law and enforcement of international law. The ICC has the jurisdiction over some international crimes. Such international crimes include apartheid (South Africa), genocide (Rwanda), Crimes against humanity (Former Yugoslavia), war crimes (Kosovo), piracy and hijacking. In the international sphere, force plays an important role in maintaining law and order which are critical in the success of world order. The use of force is seen as the most obvious way to maintain order and prevent or resolve conflicts. But it comes with such negatives as being highly expensive and costly in terms of the civilians and soldiers lost. Over the last century two world organisations have been established to prevent war and have legal authority to use force in certain circumstances. After World War One in 1920 the League of Nations was created as a place where governments could bring their disputes. But the L of N had no automatic right to intervene and most governments didn’t agree in bringing disputes before it. With limited membership and those that were members weren’t accustomed to working together, it was flawed. It was however able to make progress in the suppression of slavery, world health, the protection and care for refugees and settling minor disputes. But once the 1930’s began it cease to have any political relevance. After the failure of the League of Nations the United Nations formed, which founded a charter that outlined its purpose and methods of achieving it’s goals. The Un charter (1945) enshrined the idea that force or the threat of force should not be the norm in international relations. Although they were realistic enough to realise that force would sometimes be used. The UN was deliberately created as a more ambitious organisation and has six main organs: The Security Council, the General Assembly, Secretariat, the Security Council, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice and Trusteeship Council. Membership is based on whether the nation state is â€Å"peace loving† and willing to accept all the obligations of the UN Charter. The Security Council consists of fifteen member states with only five permanent members, which have the power to veto majority decisions. These five permanent members are Britain, France, USA, China and Russian Federation, which reflect the dominance each has in the world order (except Russia). The UN gives the Security Council, which is responsible for international peace and security, two ways of dealing with a threat to world peace. The first involves the use of peaceful methods such as economic sanctions. The second involves the use of armed forces. Peacekeeping is defined by as: The maintenance of international peace using formed troops under UN control to prevent the outbreak or renewal of fighting or by stabilising a situation sufficiently to promote peace. † Butterworths Australian Legal Dictionary. The Un Peacekeepers are an assembly of a very diverse, international group of soldiers and civilians, which assists in settling disputes that restores the peace in an area. However it doesn’t constitute an army as often they are made up of doctors, nurses and pilots. In many situations UN peacekeepers help clear landmines, train civilians and even monitor elections. For example in Namibia, the UN peacekeepers supervised a democratic election, which lead to the county’s sovereignty. The presence of peacekeepers can have positive affects such as the limit in the spread of violence in Haiti and Cyprus, but in other places they have been less successful i. e. the UN peacekeeping in Somalia in 1992. As Somalia fell into clan-based civil war, the country collapsed and the UN was unable to restore peace and eventually departed as Somalia remained in chaos. Originally the five permanent members of the Security Council were meant to coordinate the peacekeeping forces. But in reality they are conducted outside the UN’s regular budget, where national governments deployed troops to the peacekeeping efforts. Much of the peacekeeping is done by Ireland, Sweden and Australia. Australia has contributed either military forces or police to 54 peacekeeping forces and in 1999-2000 Australia played a leading role in reestablishing order in East Timor. Australia has also conducted peacekeeping efforts outside of the UN’s operation in Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. On the other hand the UN peacekeepers are limited in their effectiveness as they can only use force in self-defense, therefore they cannot directly intervene unless they are shot at and made themselves targets of conflict. Due to the dominance of some states in the world order, there is no equal treatment between nations states, which are members of the UN. Even though the UN charter states that there must be equality, in practice it does not exist. Due to the nature of certain UN bodies it is inevitable that smaller states are marginalized. However the situating of the United Nations in New York enables every member to sit side by side and have an immediate translation of languages, which breaks down barriers to communication. The UN has successfully raised the conscience of human rights through its conventions and the attention to specific abuses through its resolutions. But its ability to function is hampered by its financial problems as it is expected to govern the country on $8 billion per year, which is less than the amount of money the world spends on defense each week. It is resource ineffective as it ahs gone deeper in to debt as countries are slow to pay. Its enforceability is limited as it lacks the power to sufficient apply equal force to every nation should members ignore UN resolutions. War is not the only means of ending a conflict; a more peaceful method is through international tribunals. The International Court of Justice is an arm of the UN and is therefore one of the worlds main judicial bodies. Established in 1946, it is sometime referred to as the ‘world court. With its jurisdiction applies when it is in accordance with international law. Its primary role is to decide matters submitted by countries and to advise on the matters. It can also apply its authority when there is a special agreement about a dispute in which the parties to a treaty nominate the ICJ as the mechanism for resolution. The ICJ is a permanent court where 15 judges are elected by the UN Security Council and the General assembly. Not only can the ICJ resolve disputes by making a ruling, it can also generate political pressure to persuade countries to alter their behavior. In theory, the courts decisions are binding and without appeal. However in practice the losing party unwilling to abide by the ruling and the Security Council often limits its effectiveness is restricted to enforce the ruling. For example in the case of the US versus Nicaragua (1984), the decision stated that the US had to cease unlawful terrorist activities against Nicaragua and ordered that the US pay reparation. However they refused to pay and subsequently withdrew from the ICJ. But one of the main limitations the ICJ has is that only states can be parties to cases before the court. No individual, organisation or company can bring forth a matter. Plus both parties need to agree to have the court hear the matter. This is a dilemma in itself as the rulings are final and no country is going to openly dispute the matter where there is a possibility of losing. Its restrictive power reduces its ability to take initiatives and its lack of power to enforce and police its decisions has become a major criticism. The International Criminal Court ICC was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for committing genocide, crimes against humanity, crimes of aggression and war crimes. The ICC is a treaty based, legal entity independent from the UN. Despite this autonomy it works closely with the UN to promote the rule of law. The ICC has the power to imprison the offender if found guilty for life but does not offer the death penalty. One of the main objectives to the ICC is that some countries believe that there is little supervision of the court’s apparatuses and the verdicts may become subject to political matters. For the ICC, it has taken four years for the required sixty signatures to be gained and the treaty ratified. The United States of America can undermine the proceedings of the court by refusing to supply evidence and witnesses, like any other country can. During the 1990’s several atrocities where occurring in the Balkans and Africa. This resulted in specialist tribunals developed to deal with the specific investigations. War crimes and crimes against humanity were happening in former Yugoslavia. Thus in 1993 the UN Security Council created a new war crimes tribunal. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) had the jurisdiction over breaches of the Geneva Conventions and international customary law. On 12 February 2002, Slobodan Milosevic, the former president of Yugoslavia was charged of the planning and implementing, on a widespread and systematic scale and attack on the civilian population of Kosovo. Kosovo, which was a province of Serbia, had a majority population of Muslim Albanians and Slobodan was accused of leading a campaign of â€Å"ethnical cleansing†. This was the first time a former head of state had faced charges of crimes against humanity. Unfortunately Milosevic died in 2006 before his trial concluded. The fact that the ICTY tried Slobodan, illustrate that justice can be achieved when nations cooperate with the international community. In Africa, more specifically Rwanda, genocide was occurring between the two main ethnic groups the Hutu and Tutsis. Based on the ICTY model in 1994 the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was established to prosecute those responsible for genocide in the republic. This tribunal was instated in response to over whelming pressures and has started a series of trials. These Ad Hoc tribunals have one specific purpose and may take time to be established which could mean the loss of thousands of lives. It is not a permanent body and will disband once trials have concluded. Sometimes as in the case with the ICTY where the main target is one person, it can suppress other investigations as most of its resources may be deployed in trailing that one person. The nature of Ad Hoc has proved to be cost ineffective and time consuming. International instruments such as treaties and customary law form the principle source of international law and are some measures of achieving world order. Treaties, which can also be called conventions, statutes or charters, are binding agreements. They formalise the process where by governments through international agencies work together on common problems. The two types of treaties are bilateral and multilateral treaties in where states agree on terms and the parties are therefore bond by it. Since 1945 there has been some significant treaties signed that are an indispensable part of the current world order

Marketing Analysis of Aldi

Marketing Analysis of Aldi

Efficient Ways To Promote Business

Efficient Ways To Promote Business The main purpose to own a marketing plan to promote the business which includes its strategy, its direction, its services and lastly to determine the profit base of a business. With the current I.T Technologies, one of the most efficient ways to promote business is using e-commerce. With these I.T methods, online business can easily spread over the nation and all around the world especially using Social Networking Application Tools for example, Facebook and Twitters to introduce the website URL and allows the reader to become fan and gained benefit for it such as first 100 registered fans earn free10 online bonus points for online transaction. Another online method is using online media advertisement through Youtube an online shared short movie site where we can easily advertisement through short clip movie. Other from online advertisement, we can put the advertisement in different presentation media such as through newspaper, television, road-side billboard advertisement board, leaflet, small sized sport shoe with our website URL printed and much more advertisement media. In order to make attraction to existing and new potential customer either online or offline method, we can able to arrange some promotion activities and events to promote our newly established e-commerce services by online banner advertisement through local famous blogger online website with permission, publishing through local newspaper using unique upside down advertisement format. In additional, the website should be keep updated from time to time for latest shoe fashion, designed and always shown the famous artist or actor picture where he or she appointed as their brand shoe authorized ambassador where it will be another way to attract youngster customer where the shoe authorized ambassador is their fan idol or which famous sport team sponsor brands such as Adidas or Nike which was all available shoe brand at your store. By participating using the online social networks, we can do promote new services through e-commerce. People can just simply click LIKE button and share information such as store promotion throughout the added friends list and other ways is using search engine optimization is to attract subscribers to your website from other search engines where it is an idea for launching new website purpose. Other than that, we can organize some gathering events especially with local famous bloggers where their blog site having high user accessing at all times one of the best idea to promote online business. Also create some merchandise with your website address printed as one of the publicity promotion. One of effectiveness ways is try to get your store as a authorized dealer for the famous shoe brand in the country or region where your store website will be listed in their website where it accessing by worldwide where mostly consumer will first get surfing through their favorite brand website and search for their local authorized dealer. Once your store appointed as a authorized dealer, try to print the brand name at your business card where it is also one of the ways to promote your store status which will reflected to your store reputation. I would like to suggest making an internet kiosk at the store so that walk in customer will able to aware on the store website and allows customer to apply membership through the website and it is also another way to present the shoes which available at the store rather than walking around the shop which the customer will feel more convenient and accessible for themselves. As for no less effectiveness, do promote through yellow pages directory and show your company details in brief such as Website URL, store address and contact number or even a small map to locate the store or try to make advertisement on the famous sport magazine and newsletter. On the website, allows subscriber to gain more information of the special shoes such as the shoe material, what type of sport is the ideal for the shoes, the shoes is used by any famous person especially by athletes for example NBA star. If possible, make some notification of the website if there is some promotion ongoing. Provide foot care services or health information which is considered as useful information or awareness to the subscriber. Allow the subscriber to make comments on the website such as inquiry or FAQ column. It will be wise if able to provide size graph or chart and even different region (US or UK) foot size for the foot measurement purpose. We should implement some customer services which would make the subscriber feel more convenient while they purchase shoe through online. The customer services can able to make online payment methods such as Mastercard, Visa or Paypal or even provide them free shipping during launching new website promotion or charge subscriber another 5% for the shipping free and it would be great to implement Tracking system so that once transaction is successful, buyer will be able to track their purchase item easily until it is delivery to the buyer side and let buyer to put some comment or message on our services so that we will be aware should there need any improvement and it able to bring our online business to another next level. Another measurement should be available at the website such as accessing website metering. From there, we can able to analysis and comparing with the store amount of walk in customer in weekly or monthly basis. One of promote for newly launched website is using Online chiropody services. This service can able to assist subscriber to aware especially when during the shoe advertisement through any promotional activities where subscriber interested the way of advertising and allow subscriber understand what type of shoe suitable for their purpose. With this kind of services, it may attract new potential subscriber and consider an idea to promote online business. Conclusion: According on an ideally and strategic marketing plan, promote online business or e-commerce is very easy and useful. But of course, we should do consideration in other business factors such as its consequences, allocated budgeting and the most important is to gather sufficient information as much as possible so that it is possible to make look more interesting to the subscriber at all times. Although there are variety ways of advertisement and with limited allocated budgeting, it would be make difficulties as it is the main key point for the overall idea. With e-commerce, limited budgeting will be put aside, as internet basically is free for everyone and easily to make online advertisement such as online classification web site one of the best resources to promote online business. With good planned marketing plan and if possible with some financial strength, I believe this online advertisement will get a start point and success as nowadays people preferred to purchase through online as in a way of convenient and accessible at anywhere or any places as long as availability of internet access. Listen Read phonetically

The Dangers of Conformity in Bartleby, the Scrivener and A Very Old Man

The Dangers of Conformity in Bartleby, the Scrivener and A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings   Ã‚  Ã‚   Authors can use various concepts to enhance or dictate the progression of their work. Ambiguity is one such tool that has the power to influence a story. In "Bartleby, the Scrivener" and "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings," Melville and Marquez utilize ambiguity to develop their story's theme. Both authors focus ambiguity around the main characters in the stories to criticize the rigid rules of systems in society.    Melville's use of ambiguity in "Bartleby" is extreme and prevalent throughout the story. He introduces the reader to the narrator's office before Bartleby's arrival to explain the functional system that exists before Bartleby. The reader gains knowledge of the narrator's two copyists and is able to see that despite problems that each man poses, the narrator is able to control these idiosyncrasies.    Nevertheless, as he (Turkey) was in many ways a most valuable person to me, and all the time before twelve o'clock, meridian, was the quickest, steadiest creature, too, accomplishing a great deal of work in a style not easily to be matched - for these reasons, I was willing to overlook his eccentricities, though, indeed, occasionally, I remonstrated with him (545).    "But, with all his failings, and the annoyances he caused me, Nippers, like his compatriot, Turkey, was a very useful man to me; wrote a neat, swift hand; and when he chose, was not deficient in a gentlemanly sort of deportment" (546). Throughout the text, Melville is very verbose in describing each man's peculiarities and we can recognize that the narrator is tolerant of such quirks. The narrator is understanding o... ...re able to comment on the harmful effects that a closed system can pose. Though each author's ambiguity centers on the main characters, the characters serve different roles in the stories. Bartleby exists in the rigid system that Melville criticizes, but then rejects the system to demonstrate the dangers of conformity. The old man with enormous wings, however, is never a part of the closed system that society belongs to. He merely serves to exemplify the inconsistencies in people's faith. Both stories encourage the reader to challenge the restrictions of rigid rules. Works Cited: Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings." The Norton Introduction Literature. Ed. Jerome Beaty.N.Y. : W.W. Norton and Company, 1996.525-529. Melville, Herman. Bartleby and Benito Cereno. Dover Publications, Inc. New York. 1993. Pgs. 1-34      

Geronimo :: essays papers

Geronimo Geronimo's grandfather, Maco, had been the chief of the Nedni Apaches. He had been of great size and strength. When Maco had been chief his principle wars had been against the Mexicans. They were seldom at great length of peace with the Mexicans. When Maco's son (Geronimo's Dad) became a warrior, Maco died. Geronimo's father could not become the chief of the Nedni's, because he married a woman from the Bedonkohe Apaches. The two had 8 children- four boys and four girls, including Geronimo. The possibility that one of the boys would become chief of he Bedonkohe was very slim. His mother taught him the legends of his people; taught him the sun and sky, the moon and stars, the clouds and storms. She also taught him to kneel and pray to Usen fir strength, health, wisdom, and protection. When the children were young they would play with each other and sometimes with their mother and father. When they were grown up enough to do real services they went to the field with their parents: not to play, but to toil. They did not cultivate tobacco, but they found it in the wild. All of Geronimo's tribe smoked, both men and woman. No boy was allowed to smoke until he could hunt alone and kill large game such as; wolves, bear, deer, etc. Geronimo's father died when Geronimo was at a young age. They wrapped his father in his finest clothes, painted his face, wrapped a rich blanket around him, saddled his favorite horse, bore his arms in front of him, and led his horse behind, repeating in wailing tones his deeds of valor as they carried his body to a cave in the mountain. They then slew his horses and gave way all his property, as was customary in our tribe, after which his body was deposited in the cave, his arms beside him. Geronimo's mother never married again, which was not a custom to the Bedonkohe Apache. In 1846, when Geronimo was 17 years of age, he was admitted to the council of warriors. If a war had started between tribes he could go on the warpath with his tribe. Geronimo had long desired to fight with his warriors. What he was the happiest about was that he could marry Alope, the daughter of No-po-so. The two had been with each other along time before. So when he got the news that he was in the council of

Advice - Is it Better to Give than to Receive? Essay -- Personal Narra

Advice - Is it Better to Give than to Receive? Advice and the language it’s given in can work only if the person in need of it can handle what is being said to them and accept it. Otherwise it just goes in one ear and out the other. Advice to me needs to be spoken in a calm and rational way or I tend not to listen to it. It can be advice from parents, relatives, friends, colleagues, or just about anyone, even myself. Advice given to me when I was younger was a lot different than when I got older. I tended not to listen to my parents. At nine and ten, they gave me an allowance. I saw it as money to run out and spend on candy. They saw it as a learning opportunity and a chance to instill a value system in me. At first I didn’t take the advice, in fact it took years to realize the im...

American Express Diversity

American Express continues to be the one biggest company for selling financial products and is one of the most stable. Established in 1850 in New York, American Express Company was among the first and most successful express delivery businesses to arise during the rapid westward expansion of the United States (American Express Website, 2008). With over 150 years of experience in handling the business, the company is continually eyeing global expansion and international growth. The company employs a large number of employees from across Asia and Northern America.That includes different nationalities, cultures, with different ideologies, sects and religion. This shows how diverse American Express is. Diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to age, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Green, et. al , 2002). Now, how does American Express manages this kind of corporate setup? This is where leaders emerge.The company trains potential leaders through series of leadership enhancing courses with its goals, objectives and target outputs and film showing about the importance of working in a team. But first, leaders are asked on their knowledge of every individual employee’s human and cultural diversity. A Leader should be a motivational one, the kind who could open employees mind to working towards diversity. One must also show the big picture of its importance to the growth of the company and who will reap its benefits.Every conflict of ideas or differences must be resolved immediately through the ombudsmen department. All of these are needed to create synergies to maximize profit. American Express has created the Global Diversity and Inclusion. This will bridge the gap rooting from the immediate conflict on a local are to escalate into a network scene and the identification of diversity related arguments. All are monitored from the smallest department. Launching sports festivities and lunch and learn activities are effective ways of interacting all employees.Employees are allowed to express their opinions in the company. The workplace operates with respect for each other. The knowledge that leaders get from training modules are translated to the employees. The management sees to it that diversity is always practiced in the company. All are treated equally and if not, immediate actions are imposed. Although, discrimination still exists, all are advised to take it away. All opinions will be heard. Hispanics, Asians, Blacks, Muslims and employees of other religion work for the company.They may have their groups according to their faith, but all are working towards the corporate goals. Differences on faith are strongly respected. This shows how diverse the working place is. The company strives hard in leveraging these cultural gaps. Employees are all given equal opportunities as to be promoted or as to climb the corporate ladder. No one is given preferential treatment based on their ethnicity or color. This has been the most important practice of the company to promote diversity.Anyone who noticed that such wrongdoings can file complaints in the ombudsman department or any complaint centers. The importance of diversity reflects the company’s success. The operations in other countries are stronger for local employees talk to customers in their national language and know how to relate to them. This help the company expand faster and grow stronger. This also strengthens one of American Express corporate values, TEAMWORK, we work together, across boundaries, to meet the needs of our customers and to help the company win (American Express Website, 2008).References: American Express Website. (2008). Becoming American Express: 150+ Years of Reinvention and Customer Service. Retrieved, October 5, 2008, from http://home3. americanexpre ss. com/corp/os/history. asp Green, Kelli A, Mayra Lopez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner. (July, 2002). Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools. Retrieved, October 5, 2008, from http://edis. ifas. ufl. edu/HR022 American Express Website. (2008). Our Values, Teamwork. Retrieved, October 5, 2008, from http://home3. americanexpress. com/corp/os/values. asp